In the distant ancient times without machines or electricity, how did humans refine hard bronze and iron from stones and gradually open the door to civilization? In fact, the birth of every bronze and iron artifact is a miracle of ancient wisdom and high-temperature flames.

1、 Bronze Age: The earliest metal civilization of humanity

The emergence of bronze marks the end of stone tools for humanity and the entry into the true metal age.

1.1 Material selection and ratio: Gold combination of copper and tin

The ancients first found natural copper and tin mines and mixed them in a certain proportion. Copper is too soft and easy to break. After adding tin, its melting point decreases and its hardness increases significantly, which is called bronze.

1.2 High temperature melting and casting molding

Build a simple furnace and continuously heat it with charcoal fire to melt the ore into liquid. Pour in the pre made pottery mold, cool it down, and open it to obtain weapons, ritual vessels, tools, and other bronze artifacts.

2、 Iron Age: Harder and More Popular Forces

Iron is harder and has more raw materials than bronze,電マ, but ironmaking is more difficult and has taken civilization further.

2.1 Searching for iron ore and high-temperature reduction

Iron ore can be found everywhere, but it requires higher temperatures to be refined. The ancients stacked iron ore and charcoal layer by layer and heated them at high temperatures in a furnace to "reduce" the iron in the ore.

2.2 Forging and forming: Hundred refined steel

The newly refined iron is loose and contains many impurities, requiring repeated heating and pounding to squeeze out impurities and increase density. After going through countless trials and tribulations, iron can become hard and durable, suitable for use in agricultural tools and weapons.

3、 From Bronze to Iron: A Leap in Human Technology

Bronze appeared earlier with exquisite craftsmanship, ラブグッズ but raw materials were scarce and expensive; Iron raw materials are more abundant and harder, greatly improving production and warfare capabilities after popularization.

From proportioning and smelting to forging and casting, ancient people used their hands and flames to turn ore into tools and civilization. This period of copper and iron smelting history is also the history of humanity gradually moving towards strength.